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MaxScale is a Proxy for the MySQL protocol built with a modular architecture.
The underlying concept of modules allows to extend the MaxScale proxy services. The current version implements Read Write splitting and Connection Load Balancing. Internally MySQL queries go through a SQL parsing phase. This gives MaxScale great capabilities regarding queries routing.
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At FOSDEM 2014 ProxySQL and MaxScale were both presented. Both are proxy that can help build sophisticated MariaDB/MySQL architectures.
But currently what is the most used proxy with MySQL? It is HAproxy. HAproxy is a level 4 proxy that has no knowledge of the MySQL protocol. Being low level makes it very fast but it cannot accomplish any advanced proxy task. In many case this is enough for pure load balancing. But it cannot handle filtering, routing, query rewriting. This requires to understand the MySQL protocol and to look at the query passing through the proxy.
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